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Osnovne činjenice o kornjačama


Kornjače su jedna od najuspješnijih skupina životinja zadržavši svoju jedinstvenu i neobičnu tjelesnu strukturu gotovo nepromjenjenu još od gornjeg Trijasa kada se pojavio njihov prvi pravi predak (200 milijuna godina). Vanjska struktura tijela kornjače jedinstvena je, pa prema tome i svima vrlo poznata. Njihov anatomski oblik predstavlja jedan od najzanimljivijih prilagodbi u svijetu kralješnjaka, a prepoznatljiv oklop koji pokriva njihovo tijelo nesumljivo je jedan od čimbenika koji je pridonio preživljavanju i očito uspješnom evolucijskom procesu ovih tajnovitih životinja. Ubrajamo ih u gmazove čiji najstariji fosilni ostaci datiraju iz perioda Perma (280 milijuna godina). 

 

 

Mauremys rivulata i Testudo hermanni - razlika u staništu i morfologiji oklopa



Danas prepozanjemo dva podreda unutar reda Chelonii:
•    Cryptodira (Mauremys rivulata i Testudo hermanni)
•    Pleurodira

 

Prema strukturi jajeta kornjače pripadaju amniotskim životinjama. Unutar jajeta s tvrdom opnom (ljuskom) postoje tri membrane (amnion-a, chorion-a i allantois-a) koje omogućavaju normalan razvoj embrija sve dok razvijena mlada životinja ne bude spremna za probijanje opne i izlazak u „vanjski“ svijet.

 

Profile Information

Application 0.000 seconds (+0.000); 0.67 MB (+0.672) - afterLoad
Application 0.050 seconds (+0.049); 4.93 MB (+4.258) - afterInitialise
Application 0.060 seconds (+0.011); 5.81 MB (+0.877) - afterRoute
Application 0.192 seconds (+0.132); 10.78 MB (+4.973) - afterDispatch
Application 0.200 seconds (+0.008); 11.03 MB (+0.250) - beforeRenderModule mod_menu (Osnovni izbornik)
Application 0.212 seconds (+0.012); 11.24 MB (+0.206) - afterRenderModule mod_menu (Osnovni izbornik)
Application 0.212 seconds (+0.000); 11.23 MB (-0.008) - beforeRenderModule mod_login (Login Form)
Application 0.217 seconds (+0.005); 11.32 MB (+0.091) - afterRenderModule mod_login (Login Form)
Application 0.217 seconds (+0.000); 11.32 MB (+0.000) - beforeRenderModule mod_breadcrumbs (Breadcrumbs)
Application 0.220 seconds (+0.003); 11.35 MB (+0.032) - afterRenderModule mod_breadcrumbs (Breadcrumbs)
Application 0.224 seconds (+0.004); 11.43 MB (+0.081) - afterRender

Memory Usage

11.43 MB (11,989,416 Bytes)

26 Queries Logged

  1. SELECT `data`
      FROM `e8jqk_session`
      WHERE `session_id` = '54930ec29b94e066c7bae6194077d0aa'
  2. DELETE
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  3. SELECT `session_id`
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      WHERE `session_id` = '54930ec29b94e066c7bae6194077d0aa'
      LIMIT 0, 1
  4. INSERT INTO `e8jqk_session` (`session_id`, `client_id`, `time`)
      VALUES ('54930ec29b94e066c7bae6194077d0aa', 0, 1369143797)
  5. SELECT extension_id AS "id", element AS "option", params, enabled
      FROM e8jqk_extensions
      WHERE `type` = 'component'
      AND `element` = 'com_users'
  6. SELECT id, rules
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  7. SELECT folder AS type, element AS name, params
      FROM e8jqk_extensions
      WHERE enabled >= 1
      AND type ='plugin'
      AND state >= 0
      AND access IN (1,1)
      ORDER BY ordering
  8. SELECT extension_id AS "id", element AS "option", params, enabled
      FROM e8jqk_extensions
      WHERE `type` = 'component'
      AND `element` = 'com_languages'
  9. SELECT m.id, m.menutype, m.title, m.alias, m.path AS route, m.link, m.type, m.level, m.language,m.browserNav, m.access, m.params, m.home, m.img, m.template_style_id, m.component_id, m.parent_id,e.element as component
      FROM e8jqk_menu AS m
      LEFT JOIN e8jqk_extensions AS e
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      ORDER BY m.lft
  10. SELECT extension_id AS "id", element AS "option", params, enabled
      FROM e8jqk_extensions
      WHERE `type` = 'component'
      AND `element` = 'com_content'
  11. SELECT *
      FROM e8jqk_languages
      WHERE published=1
      ORDER BY ordering ASC
  12. SELECT id, home, template, s.params
      FROM e8jqk_template_styles as s
      LEFT JOIN e8jqk_extensions as e
      ON e.element=s.template
      AND e.type='template'
      AND e.client_id=s.client_id
      WHERE s.client_id = 0
      AND e.enabled = 1
  13. SELECT a.rules
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      WHERE a.id = 1
  14. SELECT b.rules
      FROM e8jqk_assets AS a
      LEFT JOIN e8jqk_assets AS b
      ON b.lft <= a.lft
      AND b.rgt >= a.rgt
      WHERE a.name = 'com_content'
      ORDER BY b.lft
  15. SELECT a.id, a.asset_id, a.title, a.alias, a.title_alias, a.introtext, a.fulltext, CASE WHEN badcats.id is null THEN a.state ELSE 0 END AS state, a.mask, a.catid, a.created, a.created_by, a.created_by_alias, a.modified, a.modified_by, a.checked_out, a.checked_out_time, a.publish_up, a.publish_down, a.images, a.urls, a.attribs, a.version, a.parentid, a.ordering, a.metakey, a.metadesc, a.access, a.hits, a.metadata, a.featured, a.language, a.xreference,c.title AS category_title, c.alias AS category_alias, c.access AS category_access,u.name AS author,contact.id as contactid,parent.title as parent_title, parent.id as parent_id, parent.path as parent_route, parent.alias as parent_alias,ROUND( v.rating_sum / v.rating_count ) AS rating, v.rating_count as rating_count
      FROM e8jqk_content AS a
      LEFT JOIN e8jqk_categories AS c
      on c.id = a.catid
      LEFT JOIN e8jqk_users AS u
      on u.id = a.created_by
      LEFT JOIN e8jqk_contact_details AS contact
      on contact.user_id = a.created_by
      LEFT JOIN e8jqk_categories as parent
      ON parent.id = c.parent_id
      LEFT JOIN e8jqk_content_rating AS v
      ON a.id = v.content_id
      LEFT
      OUTER JOIN (SELECT cat.id as id
      FROM e8jqk_categories AS cat JOIN e8jqk_categories AS parent
      ON cat.lft BETWEEN parent.lft
      AND parent.rgt
      WHERE parent.extension = 'com_content'
      AND parent.published <= 0
      GROUP BY cat.id) AS badcats
      ON badcats.id = c.id
      WHERE a.id = 8
      AND (a.publish_up = '0000-00-00 00:00:00' OR a.publish_up <= '2013-05-21 13:43:17')
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      AND (a.state = 1 OR a.state =2)
  16. SELECT c.*,CASE WHEN CHAR_LENGTH(c.alias) THEN CONCAT_WS(":", c.id, c.alias) ELSE c.id END as slug
      FROM e8jqk_categories as c
      LEFT JOIN e8jqk_categories AS s
      ON (s.lft <= c.lft
      AND s.rgt >= c.rgt) OR (s.lft > c.lft
      AND s.rgt < c.rgt)
      LEFT JOIN (SELECT cat.id as id
      FROM e8jqk_categories AS cat JOIN e8jqk_categories AS parent
      ON cat.lft BETWEEN parent.lft
      AND parent.rgt
      WHERE parent.extension = 'com_content'
      AND parent.published != 1
      GROUP BY cat.id) AS badcats
      ON badcats.id = c.id
      WHERE (c.extension='com_content' OR c.extension='system')
      AND c.access IN (1,1)
      AND c.published = 1
      AND s.id=12
      AND badcats.id is null
      GROUP BY c.id
      ORDER BY c.lft
  17. SELECT extension_id AS "id", element AS "option", params, enabled
      FROM e8jqk_extensions
      WHERE `type` = 'component'
      AND `element` = 'com_attachments'
  18. SELECT created_by, catid
      FROM e8jqk_content
      WHERE id = 8
  19. SELECT b.rules
      FROM e8jqk_assets AS a
      LEFT JOIN e8jqk_assets AS b
      ON b.lft <= a.lft
      AND b.rgt >= a.rgt
      WHERE a.name = 'com_content.article.8'
      ORDER BY b.lft
  20. SELECT b.rules
      FROM e8jqk_assets AS a
      LEFT JOIN e8jqk_assets AS b
      ON b.lft <= a.lft
      AND b.rgt >= a.rgt
      WHERE a.name = 'com_attachments'
      ORDER BY b.lft
  21. SELECT a.*, u.name as creator_name
      FROM e8jqk_attachments AS a
      LEFT JOIN e8jqk_users AS u
      ON u.id = a.created_by
      WHERE a.parent_id=8
      AND a.state = 1
      AND a.parent_type='com_content'
      AND a.parent_entity='article'
      AND a.access IN (1)
      ORDER BY filename
  22. SELECT a.id, CASE WHEN CHAR_LENGTH(a.alias) THEN CONCAT_WS(":", a.id, a.alias) ELSE a.id END as slug, CASE WHEN CHAR_LENGTH(cc.alias) THEN CONCAT_WS(":", cc.id, cc.alias) ELSE cc.id END as catslug
      FROM e8jqk_content AS a
      LEFT JOIN e8jqk_categories AS cc
      ON cc.id = a.catid
      WHERE a.catid = 12
      AND a.state = 1
      AND a.access = 1
      AND (a.state = 1 OR a.state = -1)
      AND (publish_up = '0000-00-00 00:00:00' OR publish_up <= '2013-05-21 13:43:17')
      AND (publish_down = '0000-00-00 00:00:00' OR publish_down >= '2013-05-21 13:43:17')
      ORDER BY a.created DESC
  23. UPDATE e8jqk_content
      SET hits = hits + 1
      WHERE id = 8
  24. SELECT m.id, m.title, m.module, m.position, m.content, m.showtitle, m.params, mm.menuid
      FROM e8jqk_modules AS m
      LEFT JOIN e8jqk_modules_menu AS mm
      ON mm.moduleid = m.id
      LEFT JOIN e8jqk_extensions AS e
      ON e.element = m.module
      AND e.client_id = m.client_id
      WHERE m.published = 1
      AND e.enabled = 1
      AND (m.publish_up = '0000-00-00 00:00:00' OR m.publish_up <= '2013-05-21 13:43:17')
      AND (m.publish_down = '0000-00-00 00:00:00' OR m.publish_down >= '2013-05-21 13:43:17')
      AND m.access IN (1,1)
      AND m.client_id = 0
      AND (mm.menuid = 113 OR mm.menuid <= 0)
      ORDER BY m.position, m.ordering
  25. SELECT extension_id AS "id", element AS "option", params, enabled
      FROM e8jqk_extensions
      WHERE `type` = 'component'
      AND `element` = 'com_weblinks'
  26. UPDATE `e8jqk_session`
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      WHERE `session_id` = '54930ec29b94e066c7bae6194077d0aa'

20 Query Types Logged, Sorted by Occurrences.

SELECT Tables:
  1. 5 × SELECT extension_id AS "id", element AS "option", params, enabled FROM e8jqk_extensions
  2. 3 × SELECT b.rules FROM e8jqk_assets AS a LEFT JOIN e8jqk_assets AS b ON b.lft <= a.lft AND b.rgt >= a.rgt
  3. 1 × SELECT c.*,CASE WHEN CHAR_LENGTH(c.alias) THEN CONCAT_WS(":", c.id, c.alias) ELSE c.id END as slug FROM e8jqk_categories as c LEFT JOIN e8jqk_categories AS s ON (s.lft <= c.lft AND s.rgt >= c.rgt) OR (s.lft > c.lft AND s.rgt < c.rgt) LEFT JOIN (SELECT cat.id as id FROM e8jqk_categories AS cat JOIN e8jqk_categories AS parent ON cat.lft BETWEEN parent.lft AND parent.rgt
  4. 1 × SELECT created_by, catid FROM e8jqk_content
  5. 1 × SELECT a.id, a.asset_id, a.title, a.alias, a.title_alias, a.introtext, a.fulltext, CASE WHEN badcats.id is null THEN a.state ELSE 0 END AS state, a.mask, a.catid, a.created, a.created_by, a.created_by_alias, a.modified, a.modified_by, a.checked_out, a.checked_out_time, a.publish_up, a.publish_down, a.images, a.urls, a.attribs, a.version, a.parentid, a.ordering, a.metakey, a.metadesc, a.access, a.hits, a.metadata, a.featured, a.language, a.xreference,c.title AS category_title, c.alias AS category_alias, c.access AS category_access,u.name AS author,contact.id as contactid,parent.title as parent_title, parent.id as parent_id, parent.path as parent_route, parent.alias as parent_alias,ROUND( v.rating_sum / v.rating_count ) AS rating, v.rating_count as rating_count FROM e8jqk_content AS a LEFT JOIN e8jqk_categories AS c on c.id = a.catid LEFT JOIN e8jqk_users AS u on u.id = a.created_by LEFT JOIN e8jqk_contact_details AS contact on contact.user_id = a.created_by LEFT JOIN e8jqk_categories as parent ON parent.id = c.parent_id LEFT JOIN e8jqk_content_rating AS v ON a.id = v.content_id LEFT OUTER JOIN (SELECT cat.id as id FROM e8jqk_categories AS cat JOIN e8jqk_categories AS parent ON cat.lft BETWEEN parent.lft AND parent.rgt
  6. 1 × SELECT a.id, CASE WHEN CHAR_LENGTH(a.alias) THEN CONCAT_WS(":", a.id, a.alias) ELSE a.id END as slug, CASE WHEN CHAR_LENGTH(cc.alias) THEN CONCAT_WS(":", cc.id, cc.alias) ELSE cc.id END as catslug FROM e8jqk_content AS a LEFT JOIN e8jqk_categories AS cc ON cc.id = a.catid
  7. 1 × SELECT m.id, m.title, m.module, m.position, m.content, m.showtitle, m.params, mm.menuid FROM e8jqk_modules AS m LEFT JOIN e8jqk_modules_menu AS mm ON mm.moduleid = m.id LEFT JOIN e8jqk_extensions AS e ON e.element = m.module AND e.client_id = m.client_id
  8. 1 × SELECT a.*, u.name as creator_name FROM e8jqk_attachments AS a LEFT JOIN e8jqk_users AS u ON u.id = a.created_by
  9. 1 × SELECT id, home, template, s.params FROM e8jqk_template_styles as s LEFT JOIN e8jqk_extensions as e ON e.element=s.template AND e.type='template' AND e.client_id=s.client_id
  10. 1 × SELECT id, rules FROM `e8jqk_viewlevels
  11. 1 × SELECT `session_id` FROM `e8jqk_session`
  12. 1 × SELECT folder AS type, element AS name, params FROM e8jqk_extensions
  13. 1 × SELECT m.id, m.menutype, m.title, m.alias, m.path AS route, m.link, m.type, m.level, m.language,m.browserNav, m.access, m.params, m.home, m.img, m.template_style_id, m.component_id, m.parent_id,e.element as component FROM e8jqk_menu AS m LEFT JOIN e8jqk_extensions AS e ON m.component_id = e.extension_id
  14. 1 × SELECT `data` FROM `e8jqk_session`
  15. 1 × SELECT * FROM e8jqk_languages
  16. 1 × SELECT a.rules FROM e8jqk_assets AS a
OTHER Tables:
  1. 1 × UPDATE `e8jqk_session` SET `data` = '__default|a:9:{s:15:\"session.counter\";i:1;s:19:\"session.timer.start\";i:1369143797;s:18:\"session.timer.last\";i:1369143797;s:17:\"session.timer.now\";i:1369143797;s:22:\"session.client.browser\";s:9:\"CCBot/2.0\";s:8:\"registry\";O:9:\"JRegistry\":1:{s:7:\"\0*\0data\";O:8:\"stdClass\":0:{}}s:4:\"user\";O:5:\"JUser\":23:{s:9:\"\0*\0isRoot\";b:0;s:2:\"id\";i:0;s:4:\"name\";N;s:8:\"username\";N;s:5:\"email\";N;s:8:\"password\";N;s:14:\"password_clear\";s:0:\"\";s:8:\"usertype\";N;s:5:\"block\";N;s:9:\"sendEmail\";i:0;s:12:\"registerDate\";N;s:13:\"lastvisitDate\";N;s:10:\"activation\";N;s:6:\"params\";N;s:6:\"groups\";a:0:{}s:5:\"guest\";i:1;s:10:\"\0*\0_params\";O:9:\"JRegistry\":1:{s:7:\"\0*\0data\";O:8:\"stdClass\":0:{}}s:14:\"\0*\0_authGroups\";a:1:{i:0;s:1:\"1\";}s:14:\"\0*\0_authLevels\";a:2:{i:0;i:1;i:1;i:1;}s:15:\"\0*\0_authActions\";N;s:12:\"\0*\0_errorMsg\";N;s:10:\"\0*\0_errors\";a:0:{}s:3:\"aid\";i:0;}s:16:\"com_mailto.links\";a:1:{s:40:\"8bc515a1c9d42d31c1f4dfc9f063bc50f98e3f82\";O:8:\"stdClass\":2:{s:4:\"link\";s:46:\"http://www.mauremys.com/index.php/o-kornjacama\";s:6:\"expiry\";i:1369143797;}}s:13:\"session.token\";s:32:\"8a78dd7869ec56c362fb350d4e7be604\";}', `time` = 1369143798
  2. 1 × UPDATE e8jqk_content SET hits = hits + 1
  3. 1 × INSERT INTO `e8jqk_session` (`session_id`, `client_id`, `time`) VALUES ('54930ec29b94e066c7bae6194077d0aa', 0, 1369143797
  4. 1 × DELETE FROM `e8jqk_session`